Rust's ownership system prevents memory errors at compile time. Each value has one owner, and the compiler tracks scope to automatically free memory. This eliminates garbage collection overhead while preventing leaks.

fn main() {
    let s = String::from("hello"); // s owns the string
    takes_ownership(s); // s moves to the function
    // println!("{}", s); // Error - s is no longer valid here
}

Use borrowing to temporarily access data without taking ownership. Immutable references allow multiple reads, while mutable references provide exclusive write access:

fn calculate_length(s: &String) -> usize {
    s.len()
}

fn change(s: &mut String) {
    s.push_str(", world");
}

For concurrent programming, Rust's type system prevents data races. The Send and Sync traits mark types that can safely transfer between threads or share references:

use std::thread;

fn main() {
    let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
  
    let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
        println!("Vector: {:?}", v);
    });
  
    handle.join().unwrap();
}

Optimize performance by:

1. Choosing Vec for cache-friendly contiguous memory
2. Using &str slices instead of String when possible
3. Leveraging iterator combinators like map and filter

let sum: u32 = (1..100).filter(|x| x % 2 == 0).sum();

For I/O-bound tasks, async/await provides efficient concurrency:

use tokio::fs;

async fn read_file() -> Result<String, std::io::Error> {
    fs::read_to_string("hello.txt").await
}

Rust's zero-cost abstractions mean higher-level constructs compile to optimal machine code. Traits enable polymorphism without runtime overhead:

trait Greet {
    fn greet(&self);
}

impl Greet for String {
    fn greet(&self) {
        println!("Hello, {}!", self);
    }
}

The compiler aggressively optimizes:

• Inlining small functions
• Removing dead code
• Unrolling loops when beneficial

Use #[inline] hints and --release flag for maximum performance. Profile with cargo flamegraph to identify bottlenecks.

For memory-intensive workloads:

• Prefer stack allocation with fixed-size arrays
• Reuse memory with Vec::clear() instead of reallocating
• Consider custom allocators for specialized cases

Rust's pattern matching compiles to efficient jump tables:

match value {
    1 => println!("one"),
    2 | 3 => println!("two or three"),
    _ => println!("other"),
}

When interfacing with C, unsafe blocks allow bypassing checks while maintaining safety through careful auditing:

extern "C" {
    fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;
}

fn main() {
    let x = unsafe { abs(-3) };
}

Key takeaways:

• Leverage the borrow checker to eliminate whole classes of bugs
• Use crates like rayon for easy parallelism
• Measure performance with realistic workloads
• The type system encodes invariants the compiler can optimize around

Rust's combination of safety and performance makes it ideal for systems programming, web assembly, game engines, and other performance-critical applications.